On April 18 - In Pakistan, China announced the activation of the globe’s sole functional thorium molten salt reactor, highlighting an important step forward in sustainable nuclear power. This notable accomplishment occurred in the Gobi Desert, as Chinese researchers managed to refuel the reactor while keeping it running. The news came out during a private gathering held by the Chinese Academy of Sciences on April 8.

The 2-megawatt test facility is engineered to operate with thorium, utilizing molten salt not only for cooling but also as a medium for transporting the nuclear material. In June 2024, project leader Dr. Xu Hongjie revealed that the reactor achieved full operational capacity and successfully underwent refueling procedures several months after reaching peak power output. “This marks our position at the forefront of international innovation,” declared Xu, highlighting their dedication to pushing the boundaries of this energy source.

Specialists advocate for thorium as a more secure substitute for uranium due to its reduced potential for weapons development and generation of shorter-lasting radioactive waste. This technology functions under normal atmospheric conditions and is designed to avoid overheating, positioning it as a compelling choice for meeting upcoming energy demands. The Chinese researchers expanded upon previously disclosed American studies, using this foundation to propel their own progress.

As part of its efforts to broaden its energy portfolio, China is building a bigger 10-megawatt thorium reactor with the expectation that it will reach critical status by 2030. Additionally, designs for thorium-fueled freighters are being crafted to substantially decrease pollution within global shipping. Xu stressed the emblematic importance of this initiative, noting how its schedule aligns with key milestones in the nation’s atomic past.